Text: Rev: 2 8-11
In 155 A.D, the Bishop of the church of Smyrna, Polycarp, was 86 at that time, was given the opportunity to renounce Jesus. The magistrate who did not want to see the old man die, said “What harm is there in saying, Lord Caesar?” But Polycarp refused. When they entered the stadium, where the executing took place, there tried again saying “Swear by the fortune of Caesar, repent and say, ‘Away with the atheists”.
The old man cried, “Eighty and six years have I served Christ, and he never did me any injury, how then can I blaspheme my king and my savior?” He was punished burnt alive.
What did I tell you this story? Polycarp shows us, it was exceptionally difficult to live as a Christian in ‘Smyrna’.
A Short Glance at Smyrna: Smyrna was a city of wealth and culture. She was built in a place of beauty. Smyrna fore saw the rising power of Rome and built a temple to Emperor Tiberius. Smyrna was a center for emperor worship. It means Christian confession that “Jesus is the lord” was in direct conflict with the Roman confession that “Caesar is the lord”.
Assertion that all is endured: Christ said “I am the first and the last” (v 8). To Christians in Smyrna and among the world experiencing persecution and martyrdom this title of Christ is very comforting. This title is a reminder that life and death are in Christ’s hands. The lord used 2 words to describe the fierceness of their persecution.
Living Christ spoke of their ‘tribulation’: The word suggests that they were undergoing fierce persecution. Their property was confiscated, their citizenship revoked and many were thrown in the prison. But that was nothing compared to the tortures of many experiences.
Living Christ spoke of their ‘poverty’: The word speaks of abject poverty, possessing absolutely nothing. They lived in destitution. Their poverty was due to their faith, because they were Christians that had lost everything. They had lost their business, houses lands and all earthly possessions.
Temporary duration of the affliction: In spite of their poverty Jesus said “Be though art rich” (v 9). If they didn’t have anything how could they be rich? These believers lived by Paul’s admonition. ‘If ye be raised with Christ, Seek those things which are above where Christ sitteth on the right hand of god. Set your affections on things above, not on the things in the earth” (Col 3: 1-2).
They were materially poor but were spiritually rich. When the world looks at the church at Smyrna all that it sees is a lack of worldly goods and desperate human poverty. But when the Lord Jesus looks at the church of Smyrna he sees in another dimension- the spiritual.
Today the church is feeling proud of this earthly wealth, property whatever it has. Does it have heavenly wealth, how is their spirituality. But friends remember the day may come when this world will take us and our property. The day may come when they threaten us with death. The day may come when our testimony becomes a death sentence in this world. If that day ever comes, take comfort that all of you are giving up is what you would have lost at some point or anyway. Even if everything you have is taken away, including your life, the treasures you have laid up in heaven are safe.
Promise of the final reward of Eternal life: Therefore do as Jesus said in “Be thou faithful unto death”, he promises them “Crown of life”. The Christians of Smyrna are urged to be faithful. What encouragement it must have meant to them? When lord told them He knew what they going through as a church. He told them not to fear things they were going through or would go through in future. Jesus promised them” I will give them a crown o life” Their faithfulness had not gone unnoticed and neither would it go unrewarded. The crown Jesus spoke of was the “stephanos” or the ‘victus crown’.
Smyrna was famous for its athletic games. A crown was trophy for the champion. If we have been faithful, we will receive the prize of victory- eternal life (James 1: 2). The message to the Smyrna church is to remain faithful during suffering, because god is in control and his promises are reliable. How are we today? How is our church today? It does not matter hope few or how simple you make the great primary truths and principles of Christianity to be, which have been brought to light and set forth in the world of human thought by Jesus Christ as the essential principle of Christian system, or church.
For a church has no right to exist until and unless it is an active or working church. A Christian has no right to his/her Christian comforting and hopes until and unless he/she is an active working Christian. There are spheres for every one of us. We must find for ourselves what ours is. Nobody will tell us. Having found our spheres, the text has its message for us “Be though faithful”.
Our work may be witness, prayer, influence, giving, teaching, writing, ministry, or any other forms of social services. : be though faithful” no man ever sees the nobility of human life until and unless he/she learns to put success second and faithfulness first. Let us not feel proud of this earthly riches and wealth but let us feel proud of having heavenly victory and gift of eternal life.
[Jaya Jesudas Pudi, the leader of this meditation, is a final year BD student of Gurukul Lutheran Theological College and Research Institute]
Saturday, October 23, 2010
Friday, October 15, 2010
'Being Rich toward God' -by Prince John
LUKE:12:13-21
Luke’s gospel gives special emphasis to the gentiles and the poor.
The subject of coveting arises in Luke because of an interrupting request by someone in the crowd. Apparently this person had detected in Jesus a fairness of spirit that would qualify him to settle a dispute over an inheritance. Jesus is asked to be a referee, but he refuses. Rather than acting as judge, Jesus states a proverbial truth in v.15 and elaborates with a parable in vv16-20.
We might have seen several warning boards in our roads. It helps us to move away from danger, and not to fall in danger. In the Bible also we can see several warning messages. One of the messages is in Luke 12:15 "Take heed and beware of covetousness". There we can see that one’s life doesn’t consist in the abundance of possessions.
The common tendency of human beings is to acquire maximum wealth. The rich usually get reputation in society without taking into consideration the ways in which they have earned it. Those who accumulate wealth further attempt to catch hold of more possessions. Here Jesus is trying to remind us of a fundamental truth and for that purpose he introduces a parable. This story might come to Jesus’ mind from an untimely death of a rich man. The parable illustrates the fate of the man who loves neither God nor neighbor. There are some reasons to call him a fool. At this juncture, it is extremely important to recognize these reasons in order to be rich toward God.In any event, the topic of wealth is prominent in Luke's writing. Above all Luke shows Jesus as the friend of outcasts and sinners. But the outstanding characteristic of this book is that it is the universal gospel and it has been called "The gospel of the underdog". Jesus Christ is for all human without distinction removing all kinds of barriers. He was not concerned about the uncertainty of life
Here we see this young man uttering some words to himself such as relax, eat, drink, and be merry. He thinks that he can be the unchanging owner of all his possessions utilizing unlimitedly as he wished. He is never aware of the fact that there may be interruptions to his desires. The psalmist’s voice in psalm 39:4-5 is very much relevant here: "…let me know how fleeting my life is. You have made my days a few handbreadths and my lifetime is as nothing in your sight." The world has so far witnessed the emergence of many leaders and revolutionaries who made their presence felt, but ultimately defeated by death. Alexander the Great thus said moments before his death: "My hands should lie outside the coffin, because people should know that I came to this world empty-handed and returning likewise". So no one can escape the reality of death, whether it be rich or poor, educated or illiterate, youth or the aged etc. But the thing is that we need not be upset with the uncertainty of life but we must be aware of it.
He never saw beyond the self
V.19 he says to himself "you have ample goods laid up for many years". He believes that nobody has any partake in his possessions. Perhaps we may also have the same attitude towards our possessions. But we must affirm that the blessings and possessions which are given to us is God’s trust on us. If we give priority to that conviction, then only we get motivated to share our possessions.
The evil is not in the treasure or in laying up treasure, but in laying up treasure for oneself. It is a devotion to self not to God, and gathering up solely for the self is, therefore, a sin according to the judgment of Christ.
Pope John Paul VI made a statement in his UNO conference "there are enough resources here to all people in this world. But the accumulation made by some hands is the cause of poverty and marginalization." This is very true. God granted us the resources not to be grabbed by some people, but for equal distribution. Sometimes we see the same attitude in the church itself. It is a sad aspect that their primary motive is the accumulation of wealth which is the offshoot of self-centeredness. The rich man looks himself through his wealth and says "you have ample goods laid up for many years. It shows how narrow minded he is. So there is no wonder in God calling him a fool. Are we truly aware of this matter?
He was ignorant of the life beyond
There is a contrast between "laying up treasure for oneself" and "being rich toward God". God cannot be enriched or impoverished. That man is rich toward God who lays up treasure in heaven, and so he is rich indeed. By being rich toward God he becomes rich forever. So the great duty of all, irrespective of the rich and the poor, is to become rich toward God.
Most of us acknowledge that this life is temporary. But some of us don’t know what is beyond this earthly living. For this assurance, our lord Jesus Christ died and resurrected for us. This man was rich in his worldly possession. In Rev. 3: 17 we read the satisfaction of the church in Laodicea: "I am rich, I have prospered, and I need nothing". But what the spirit of God said to them? "You are wretched, pitiable, poor blind and naked. We are very much concerned about this perishable body. But the Luke passage says: "Ones life doesn’t consist in the abundance of possession". Then what is the base of life? John 17:3 says "And this is eternal life that they may know you the only true God, and Jesus Christ whom you have sent". So knowing Christ is the base of our life. Do we have this knowledge? If we are not realizing that our health, knowledge, wisdom which are the gifts of God, we are fools in front of God. So those who store up treasures for themselves are not rich toward God since they give little heed to the life beyond.
[Prince John, the preacher of this sermon is a final year BD student in Gurukul Lutheran Theological College and Research Institute.]
Wednesday, October 13, 2010
'THE RESOLUTION OF GOODNESS TOWARDS EVIL' by Ajay T.Oommen
Scripture Text: 1 PETER 3: 8-12.
“An eye for an eye only ends up, making the whole world blind” This is a powerful quote of Mahatma Gandhi.
A society could become a just society, only when everything is paid in a befitting measure. The state, law and constitution ensure that, not only services and virtuous actions are to be paid, but also each and every evil should be repaid. It is one of the primary functions of the state and judiciary, to make sure that, the evildoer is repaid with a punishment, which is equally evil. In this structure, if the victim needs retaliation, the ultimate option would be another evil. This is the logic that is working out in every society.
However Christian Ethics have something else to propose. In I Peter 3: 9, we see the exhortation, “Do not repay evil for evil and abuse for abuse.”
Does it seem logical? Yes, that only makes Logic.
Evil things happen in a society, which continues to “contain evil”. If we are about to repay evil by an evil, we are going further to contain a greater evil.
We need to admit that evil could not be exterminated. But it could only be transformed. Evil as we perceive, was never been created. It is only “perverted goodness”. Goodness that got perverted gets transformed into evil. The goodness that confines to individual selves, or to the interest of particular communities, could become an evil for others. So we need to be cautious that, every goodness has a prospect to get perverted, depending on the space it works. The same gives us hope also. Even though evil could not be exterminated, it could be transformed into goodness.
Such a counter practice is named as a life of blessing in the text. What else could be a blessed life, other than the one which transforms the evil into blessing?
There are some characters in the bible who have foreseen that, their life trajectories eventually may lead them to inestimable evil. As they got engaged with this knowledge, they took a deliberate deviance from the “acceptable goodness” of their time and space. Though many civilizations and societies fall, as their goodness eventually got perverted into evil, the men and women who took this deliberate deviation became blessed, and a blessing to the society and the nation.
This deliberate deviation is what we have seen in verse 11, saying, “turn away from evil and seek peace.” Both these imperatives obligate us to choose a counter culture that demands an earnest commitment. The blessedness of Abraham must be seen in this light. Often we comprehend the blessedness of Abraham as a preferential grace of God. However we need to reassess this understanding in the light of this passage.
The innate goodness of Abraham compels him to go out of the land of Ur, into a nomadic life to preserve his goodness, without being perverted. He gives away the green pastures that he had, to his nephew, and thus once again he dismantles the prospect, that his goodness may get perverted. This earnest commitment of Abraham to preserve the innate goodness in him without being perverted, helped him to continue as a blessing for the nations.
So friends, if we are going to repay evil for an evil, we are not exterminating the evil. But rather, “we contain a greater evil.” We have the scope to transform evil into goodness, since all evil manifestations are perverted goodness. At the same time, it should be our longing, to keep the innate goodness, without being perverted.
May God help us to have these earnest commitments to lead a blessed life and to be a blessing to all. Amen
A society could become a just society, only when everything is paid in a befitting measure. The state, law and constitution ensure that, not only services and virtuous actions are to be paid, but also each and every evil should be repaid. It is one of the primary functions of the state and judiciary, to make sure that, the evildoer is repaid with a punishment, which is equally evil. In this structure, if the victim needs retaliation, the ultimate option would be another evil. This is the logic that is working out in every society.
However Christian Ethics have something else to propose. In I Peter 3: 9, we see the exhortation, “Do not repay evil for evil and abuse for abuse.”
Does it seem logical? Yes, that only makes Logic.
Evil things happen in a society, which continues to “contain evil”. If we are about to repay evil by an evil, we are going further to contain a greater evil.
We need to admit that evil could not be exterminated. But it could only be transformed. Evil as we perceive, was never been created. It is only “perverted goodness”. Goodness that got perverted gets transformed into evil. The goodness that confines to individual selves, or to the interest of particular communities, could become an evil for others. So we need to be cautious that, every goodness has a prospect to get perverted, depending on the space it works. The same gives us hope also. Even though evil could not be exterminated, it could be transformed into goodness.
Such a counter practice is named as a life of blessing in the text. What else could be a blessed life, other than the one which transforms the evil into blessing?
There are some characters in the bible who have foreseen that, their life trajectories eventually may lead them to inestimable evil. As they got engaged with this knowledge, they took a deliberate deviance from the “acceptable goodness” of their time and space. Though many civilizations and societies fall, as their goodness eventually got perverted into evil, the men and women who took this deliberate deviation became blessed, and a blessing to the society and the nation.
This deliberate deviation is what we have seen in verse 11, saying, “turn away from evil and seek peace.” Both these imperatives obligate us to choose a counter culture that demands an earnest commitment. The blessedness of Abraham must be seen in this light. Often we comprehend the blessedness of Abraham as a preferential grace of God. However we need to reassess this understanding in the light of this passage.
The innate goodness of Abraham compels him to go out of the land of Ur, into a nomadic life to preserve his goodness, without being perverted. He gives away the green pastures that he had, to his nephew, and thus once again he dismantles the prospect, that his goodness may get perverted. This earnest commitment of Abraham to preserve the innate goodness in him without being perverted, helped him to continue as a blessing for the nations.
So friends, if we are going to repay evil for an evil, we are not exterminating the evil. But rather, “we contain a greater evil.” We have the scope to transform evil into goodness, since all evil manifestations are perverted goodness. At the same time, it should be our longing, to keep the innate goodness, without being perverted.
May God help us to have these earnest commitments to lead a blessed life and to be a blessing to all. Amen
[Ajay T. Oommen, the preacher of this sermon, is a final year BD student in Gurukul Lutheran Theological College and Research Institute,Chennai, India]
Tuesday, October 12, 2010
A friend, of the poor - God, by Georvin Joseph
Scripture Portion: James 5: 1-6
As I tried to interpret this passage today I had to face two temptations. One is to view that the message of this passage would be best left, safely back in the first or second century, where it originated. Another is to use them as the basis for the revolutionary denunciation of everyone who happens to be well off. Without doubt this is a difficult passage, and we shall understand it properly only if we are aware of the kind of writing we are dealing with and of its setting.
James 5: 1-6 is one collection with basic content and its forms of expression intimately relating to a long history of theology and piety, according to which, the rich and powerful are per se, enemies of God and appointed to destruction, while the "poor and wretched" are considered as the innocent friends of the Lord of Hosts. Though the Old Testament by no means glorifies poverty as a good thing in itself, many strands of Israel's literature plainly depict God as unequivocally on the side of the poor. In Deuteronomy 15: 4-11 God wills that there should be no poor at all in Israel, and the prophets like Amos, repeatedly announce Yahweh's support for and the protection of the poor.
As the poor are "friends of God," so also are those who are concerned for them as recorded in Ps. 41:1; but the enemies of the poor are ipso facto, that is by the fact itself enemies of the Lord. Similarly, in the Wisdom literature riches are often the subject of warnings, while poverty is linked to humility and godliness.
Jesus and the first Christians ministered and taught in an atmosphere impregnated with such ways of seeing things, and the New Testament is profoundly influenced by it. Therefore, when Jesus spoke of the poor as heirs of the Kingdom and denounced the rich, or suggested that it would take a miracle for the rich to be saved, he not only had a ready audience but was in fact placing himself, in the midst of poverty based piety. It was not simply an accident in the history that, in the first decades of the church, Christians were drawn from the lower strata of the society. Nothing could be more evident than this in the whole of James and especially in the text with which we are dealing.
For James the Christian community is made up chiefly of poor people. This is as it should be, given the risks attached to wealth. As time passed by, however, persons of means are beginning to come in. One purpose of James’ writing, therefore, is to warn the church against the dangers of riches and worldliness going hand in hand, and to remind believers about poverty and righteousness which had a noble pedigree among them.
The prophetic genre is obvious in the first verse. We hear not an admonition to repent but a proclamation of judgment that is surely coming. Those "who have great possessions" are the rich in society who oppress the poor and, by implication, the church to whom James address also, by showing partiality to the rich is encouraging this oppression as we see in 2:6-7. He is not just exhorting members of a congregation but making a statement about God's view of things in the community at large. The wealthy power-brokers will weep and howl, their riches will rot, their fine clothes will become moth-eaten, and their money will rust. The silver and gold of the rich have tarnished because it has lain idle and not been used for the benefit of any. This neglect will now testify against the owners. Even in the last days the rich have gone on accumulating treasure. This they have done by defrauding their workers, and both the unpaid wages and the labourers themselves testify against them before the Lord like the blood of Abel crying out. The rich have existed "on earth" in luxury and self-indulgence, stuffing themselves on the "day of slaughter". The definition that the rich as the enemies of the poor is reiterated in the final verse. The downtrodden are both humble and pious offer no resistance to their destruction at the hands of the powerful, but their murder will not be forgotten in the judgment.
What then are we to make out of this fiery, tradition-laden diatribe that James has chosen to record an evaluation of wealth? Can it in fact be taken over as a text supporting an egalitarian revolution, as an unvarnished call for the abolition of wealth and the redistribution of earth's treasure?
Clearly there are enormous dangers in wealth. If we possess it, we must beware of it. The rich who remains to be rich can ‘un-inherit’ the Kingdom of God more easily than others, knowing what God truly values. If those who have great possessions are in the church, and the church herself, critique themselves. Let the poor ones in the church know where the trust is truly to be put. Let the powerful "outside," be reminded in no uncertain terms, of where God's concerns and commitments are focused. God's eye is on the poor and the wretched. Let everyone who has means, in the church or out of it, know that there is assuredly One who watches over the helpless, the alien, the orphan, and the mistreated toiler. There will be a reckoning in due course.
So if it is all that God in fact wills justice for the poor, are we not required to be imitators of God as far as we can be? In a day when we do not look for an imminent End to set things right, can we hear the Word spoken and yet do nothing, when we obviously could do a great deal? In our contexts the church is hardly a tiny, helpless minority who cannot envision and strive for such changes of overthrowing the established economic order. When we know where we are and who we are, and the plain meaning of James' portrayal of what God is up to in these matters, how can we in good conscience remain content to leave intact the crippling inequities with which so many of our sisters and brothers must daily compete? When we ourselves live gospel in the very existence of the here and now we just can’t remain content, but we ourselves become the change we envision.
Let the spirit of God guide us to walk this talk in our daily lives. Amen.
[Georvin Joseph, the preacher of this sermon, is a final Year Student of Gurukul Lutheran Theological College and Research Institute, Chennai, India.]
Tuesday, October 5, 2010
A STRUGGLE FOR LIBERATION -Matthew 15:21-28
Rabia, is a Muslim woman, who lives in Malppuram district of Kerala. She is a differently abled woman. She lost the movement of her legs and is only able to lie down and do the necessary needs of her life. But she was not ready to surrender to her inabilities and she took it a challenge and used these inabilities for the struggle of her liberation and for the liberation of her society. She turned her room to a class room. First, she learned how to read and write and then taught her fellow beings the first letters of knowledge. This process of teaching changed the entire society and the society became a literate one.
The passage explains the encounter and dialogue between Jesus and the Canaanite woman. This was not just a dialogue but it was a struggle. This was a struggle for the healing of her daughter and a struggle for the liberation of her race. According to the Jews, she was not one of the God’s chosen people but a gentile by birth and apparently by religion. She was a Canaanite too and lived in Phoenicia. She was descended from the ancient enemies of Israel. Tyre and Sidon was located on the Mediterranean coast approximately 35 miles north to Mount Carmel. These were ancient and well known cities of Phoenicia. Jews considered these as gentile cities and were not spoken of favourably in the Old Testament. She had no claim either of kindred or religion.
This passage also reveals the voice of pain of a woman and her race. She approached Jesus as a healer for her daughter and also she acted as a liberator not only for her daughter but also for her people. I would like to draw your attention to this struggle for liberation of the Canaanite woman.
1. She had overcome the hurdles for liberation
The reason behind her approach to Jesus was the sickness of her daughter. The Canaanite people were the most hated race by the Jewish. That was a time when no person from the context of a gentile background would have dared to come to a Jewish citizen. There was huge gap between the Jews and the Canaanite people. But she had overcome this gap by approaching Jesus with her problem. Firstly, she overcame the purity and pollution concepts of the then society. She had broken this concept by publically approaching Jesus. She can be understood as a representative of her race to break this boundary of purity and pollution. Secondly she was a woman. A Canaanite woman can be compared to a Dalit woman in India who is oppressed twice, as a Dalit and as a woman. A Canaanite woman was a symbol of oppression, who was oppressed by the Jews and by her own community. Even inside the Jewish community women were oppressed and were not allowed to come publically and speak to a male. But she broke these barriers for the liberation of her daughter and for her community. Thirdly, Jesus’ responses were a hurdle to her. She came to Jesus and said “have mercy on me Lord son of David, my daughter is tormented by a demon.” The first response of Jesus was a mere silence. This silence was severe than words. Again the disciples requested Jesus to send her away. Then Jesus responded by saying that he was sent only for the Jews. This was a very weak response by Jesus. And again she came to Jesus and requested for help. But the response of Jesus was a strong humiliation. But she was not ready to surrender to these responses. She overcame these responses by her faith and commitment toward her cause of liberation.
What is the significance of these hurdles in today’s context? There are people and communities around us who are longing for liberation. Liberation is only possible when we are able to cross the boundaries and hurdles. She crossed the boundary of purity and pollution, the boundary of gender and caste and the boundary of humiliation.
2. She used humiliation as a tool for liberation
She had to undergo the humiliation throughout her encounter with Jesus. His disciples wanted to send her away without addressing her voice of cry. She was not just telling about her struggle but she was crying. The Greek word used here is ‘craiso’ that means to cry or scream. Even this cry did not change the mind of disciples. They wanted to avoid her from that scene. Jesus’ responses were even more humiliating. Jesus announced that he has come to the world for the lost sheep of Israel. The final response of Jesus to her plea was even more tormenting and Jesus compared her to a dog who eats from the fallen loaves from his master’s table. She might have remembered the prayer that the Jewish people used to pray, “thank you Lord for not making me a woman or a Dog.
She used these words of humiliation to respond to Jesus. She was strong enough to turn her humiliation as a tool for the liberation. She argues with Jesus using Jesus’ own words to say that If Jesus had come as a saviour to the world then she and her community will also be a part of that. Humiliation was not a new thing to a woman like the Canaanite woman. This was her experience throughout her life. Now she has decided to turn that humiliation as a tool for her own liberation.
The story of Daya Bahai tells us about the opposition and struggle she had to undergo when she reached the tribal villages of Madhya Pradesh. Her name was Mercy Mathew and she belonged the Catholic Church in Kerala. She joined the Sisterhood of the church and wanted to become a nun of the Catholic Church. But before finishing her training period she left the church and went to the villages of Madhya Pradesh. She had to face humiliation and opposition from her own church, from the land mafia, from the police department, political leaders etc. But she was not ready to give up her struggle for the tribal communities. Today she lives as a tribal and continuing her struggle for the liberation of the marginalised people.
We have a number of brothers and sisters who live a life of humiliation and condemnation. But they are not able to come out of their struggles. But the Canaanite woman, herself became a channel of liberation. We as Christians have the responsibility of liberating our brothers and sisters from their oppressive structures. But we normally make them silent by humiliating them. We want the poor and the dalit to remain poor and dalit. For that we humiliate them and use them. We always want them to eat the crumbs that fall down from the table and not the meal at the table. But the Canaanite woman was not willing to submit to these injustices. She turned that system and used that as a tool for the liberation.
3. She used her God-consciousness and theological affirmations for liberation
Jews had a false understanding that they are the custodians of God and theology. But here she also affirmed her God consciousness and theological beliefs. The first verbal encounter begins with her cry of "Lord" and "Son of David." In Mathew, "Lord" is addressed to Jesus only by true believers, and "Son of David" is used by the marginalized of society, who recognized the Messiah of Israel, whom the leaders of Israel reject. The woman knows that her insight of faith gives her no claim on the Jewish Messiah; But she affirmed that she also have the right to accept Jesus as her Liberator. Persisting in the face of discouragement, the woman of faith "comes" to Jesus and "worships" him. The word used here is proskyneô, a favourite Matthean verb for the proper act of reverence toward Jesus. She repeats her petition with heart-rending simplicity: "Lord, help me." Like the Psalmist, she is at the end of her rope. She also affirmed her faith by saying that she also has the right to eat from the crumbs. In a way, she was saying that she also has the right to have the liberation from God. She did not think about the consequences of her public statements about this God consciousness. Jesus accepted her as a woman of great faith. She overcame the hurdles and humiliations through this God-consciousness. She called to Jesus as the son of David and affirmed the prophetical declarations about the coming of a messiah as the liberator of the whole world.
Let me conclude my message. The story of the Canaanite woman gives us a challenge to overcome our struggles in the path of liberation. She used the humiliation and condemnation as a tool for her liberation. Even in the midst of the struggles and pain she had a strong God consciousness and she affirmed this without fear. Church is the called-out community of God. We are entrusted with the task of becoming the channels of liberation. Can we be the channel of liberation amidst humiliation and pain? Can we participate in the struggles of our brothers and sisters who are still oppressed by caste, colour and gender. May the almighty God bless us to be the channel of liberation.
The passage explains the encounter and dialogue between Jesus and the Canaanite woman. This was not just a dialogue but it was a struggle. This was a struggle for the healing of her daughter and a struggle for the liberation of her race. According to the Jews, she was not one of the God’s chosen people but a gentile by birth and apparently by religion. She was a Canaanite too and lived in Phoenicia. She was descended from the ancient enemies of Israel. Tyre and Sidon was located on the Mediterranean coast approximately 35 miles north to Mount Carmel. These were ancient and well known cities of Phoenicia. Jews considered these as gentile cities and were not spoken of favourably in the Old Testament. She had no claim either of kindred or religion.
This passage also reveals the voice of pain of a woman and her race. She approached Jesus as a healer for her daughter and also she acted as a liberator not only for her daughter but also for her people. I would like to draw your attention to this struggle for liberation of the Canaanite woman.
1. She had overcome the hurdles for liberation
The reason behind her approach to Jesus was the sickness of her daughter. The Canaanite people were the most hated race by the Jewish. That was a time when no person from the context of a gentile background would have dared to come to a Jewish citizen. There was huge gap between the Jews and the Canaanite people. But she had overcome this gap by approaching Jesus with her problem. Firstly, she overcame the purity and pollution concepts of the then society. She had broken this concept by publically approaching Jesus. She can be understood as a representative of her race to break this boundary of purity and pollution. Secondly she was a woman. A Canaanite woman can be compared to a Dalit woman in India who is oppressed twice, as a Dalit and as a woman. A Canaanite woman was a symbol of oppression, who was oppressed by the Jews and by her own community. Even inside the Jewish community women were oppressed and were not allowed to come publically and speak to a male. But she broke these barriers for the liberation of her daughter and for her community. Thirdly, Jesus’ responses were a hurdle to her. She came to Jesus and said “have mercy on me Lord son of David, my daughter is tormented by a demon.” The first response of Jesus was a mere silence. This silence was severe than words. Again the disciples requested Jesus to send her away. Then Jesus responded by saying that he was sent only for the Jews. This was a very weak response by Jesus. And again she came to Jesus and requested for help. But the response of Jesus was a strong humiliation. But she was not ready to surrender to these responses. She overcame these responses by her faith and commitment toward her cause of liberation.
What is the significance of these hurdles in today’s context? There are people and communities around us who are longing for liberation. Liberation is only possible when we are able to cross the boundaries and hurdles. She crossed the boundary of purity and pollution, the boundary of gender and caste and the boundary of humiliation.
2. She used humiliation as a tool for liberation
She had to undergo the humiliation throughout her encounter with Jesus. His disciples wanted to send her away without addressing her voice of cry. She was not just telling about her struggle but she was crying. The Greek word used here is ‘craiso’ that means to cry or scream. Even this cry did not change the mind of disciples. They wanted to avoid her from that scene. Jesus’ responses were even more humiliating. Jesus announced that he has come to the world for the lost sheep of Israel. The final response of Jesus to her plea was even more tormenting and Jesus compared her to a dog who eats from the fallen loaves from his master’s table. She might have remembered the prayer that the Jewish people used to pray, “thank you Lord for not making me a woman or a Dog.
She used these words of humiliation to respond to Jesus. She was strong enough to turn her humiliation as a tool for the liberation. She argues with Jesus using Jesus’ own words to say that If Jesus had come as a saviour to the world then she and her community will also be a part of that. Humiliation was not a new thing to a woman like the Canaanite woman. This was her experience throughout her life. Now she has decided to turn that humiliation as a tool for her own liberation.
The story of Daya Bahai tells us about the opposition and struggle she had to undergo when she reached the tribal villages of Madhya Pradesh. Her name was Mercy Mathew and she belonged the Catholic Church in Kerala. She joined the Sisterhood of the church and wanted to become a nun of the Catholic Church. But before finishing her training period she left the church and went to the villages of Madhya Pradesh. She had to face humiliation and opposition from her own church, from the land mafia, from the police department, political leaders etc. But she was not ready to give up her struggle for the tribal communities. Today she lives as a tribal and continuing her struggle for the liberation of the marginalised people.
We have a number of brothers and sisters who live a life of humiliation and condemnation. But they are not able to come out of their struggles. But the Canaanite woman, herself became a channel of liberation. We as Christians have the responsibility of liberating our brothers and sisters from their oppressive structures. But we normally make them silent by humiliating them. We want the poor and the dalit to remain poor and dalit. For that we humiliate them and use them. We always want them to eat the crumbs that fall down from the table and not the meal at the table. But the Canaanite woman was not willing to submit to these injustices. She turned that system and used that as a tool for the liberation.
3. She used her God-consciousness and theological affirmations for liberation
Jews had a false understanding that they are the custodians of God and theology. But here she also affirmed her God consciousness and theological beliefs. The first verbal encounter begins with her cry of "Lord" and "Son of David." In Mathew, "Lord" is addressed to Jesus only by true believers, and "Son of David" is used by the marginalized of society, who recognized the Messiah of Israel, whom the leaders of Israel reject. The woman knows that her insight of faith gives her no claim on the Jewish Messiah; But she affirmed that she also have the right to accept Jesus as her Liberator. Persisting in the face of discouragement, the woman of faith "comes" to Jesus and "worships" him. The word used here is proskyneô, a favourite Matthean verb for the proper act of reverence toward Jesus. She repeats her petition with heart-rending simplicity: "Lord, help me." Like the Psalmist, she is at the end of her rope. She also affirmed her faith by saying that she also has the right to eat from the crumbs. In a way, she was saying that she also has the right to have the liberation from God. She did not think about the consequences of her public statements about this God consciousness. Jesus accepted her as a woman of great faith. She overcame the hurdles and humiliations through this God-consciousness. She called to Jesus as the son of David and affirmed the prophetical declarations about the coming of a messiah as the liberator of the whole world.
Let me conclude my message. The story of the Canaanite woman gives us a challenge to overcome our struggles in the path of liberation. She used the humiliation and condemnation as a tool for her liberation. Even in the midst of the struggles and pain she had a strong God consciousness and she affirmed this without fear. Church is the called-out community of God. We are entrusted with the task of becoming the channels of liberation. Can we be the channel of liberation amidst humiliation and pain? Can we participate in the struggles of our brothers and sisters who are still oppressed by caste, colour and gender. May the almighty God bless us to be the channel of liberation.
[This sermon is prepared and delivered by Liju Raju , a final year BD Student in Gurukul Lutheran Theological College and Research Institute, Chennai, India.]
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